Solution

Lewis acid substance is one which can employ an electron lone pair from another molecule in completing the stable group of one of its own atoms.
A Lewis base is any species that donates a pair of electrons to a Lewis acid to form a Lewis adduct. For example, OH⁻ and NH₃ are Lewis bases, because they can donate a lone pair of electrons.
NH₃ has lone pairs on it which it can donate.

SOLUTION

For N2 molecule the configuration is

$$\displaystyle{\sigma_{{{1}{s}}}^{{2}}}{\sigma_{{{1}{s}}}^{{\ast{2}}}}{\sigma_{{{2}{s}}}^{{2}}}{\sigma_{{{2}{s}}}^{{\ast{2}}}}{\pi_{{{2}{p}{x}}}^{{2}}}{\pi_{{{2}{p}{y}}}^{{{2}}}}{\sigma_{{{2}{p}{z}}}^{{{2}}}}$$   

Arrangement: π²px and π2²py comes before sigma 2pz

Hence for N²⁺ electron is removed from sigma 2pz

Solution

Here, n = 2 moles T = 27^oC = 300 K, P₁ = 1 atm, P₂ = 10 atm

w = –2.303 n RT log (P1 /P 2)   = – 2.303  x 2 x  8.314 JK^–1mol^–1 

300 K × log (1 / 10) = 11488 J 

For isothermal compression of ideal gas, ΔU = 0 

Further, ΔU = q + w

∴ q = – w = – 11488 J.

Solution

Clemmensen reduction of a ketone is carried out in the presence of $$Zn−Hg$$ with $$HCl$$. This reduction converts carbonyl group to methylene group. It is suitable for compounds that are sensitive to alkali.
$$\displaystyle  R-CO-CH_3 \xrightarrow [conc \: HCl]{Zn/Hg} R-CH_2-CH_3$$

Solution

Carbon monoxide mainly causes adverse effects in humans by combining with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) in the blood. This prevents hemoglobin from carrying oxygen to the tissues, effectively reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to hypoxia.The compound HbCO is highly stable in nature so it takes a longer time to recover back to normal state.

Solution

Number of molecules of H_2? in 1.36cm³ =  (6.023×10²³×1.36?) /22400  =3.66 × 10¹⁹  

∴ Volume of H₂? molecule =4.742 × 10⁻²³ 

∴(4?/ 3)πr²  = 4.742×10⁻²³ 

∴r = 2.246 x 10⁻⁸cm 

Area of cross-section of H₂? molecule =πr² = 3.14×(2.246×10−8)² =1.583×10⁻¹⁵cm² 

Area of molecules adsorbed =(3.66×10¹⁹) × 1.583×10⁻¹⁵cm²= Area of adsorption of Cu powder = Specific area of Cu powder
∴ Specific area of adsorption of Cu =1.583×10⁻¹⁵ × 3.66×10¹⁹=579×10²cm²
So, the value of y is 579.

SOLUTION

The reaction of 1-Hexene with HBr in presence of peroxide yields 1-bromo cyclohexane. 

The mechanism of the reaction involves an attack on alkene by a bromine atom. The reaction proceeds through a free radical mechanism. 

In the presence of peroxide, bromine free radical is generated. This bromine free radical then attacks alkene.

Solution

Acetaldehyde